Domain Name System in Different Jurisdictions Term Paper

Area Name System in Different Jurisdictions - Term Paper Example As indicated by (Turban, Leidner, McLean, and Wetherbe, 2005, pp. 217-218), web addresses at Internet are recognized as area names. The Domain Name System synchronizes the two fundamental kinds of interpretations: site hostnames to IP (web convention) addresses just as IP addresses into hostnames. The transformation of online IP addresses into site hostnames is imperative if the remote machine presents affirmation or logging. In the working of the DNS, the Internet applications get to DNS over the span of a resolver that is a product library associated by the application. A Domain Name System resolver collaborates with at least one DNS servers to do these occupations for the application (Krishnan, 2004) and (Turban, Leidner, McLean, and Wetherbe, 2005). Essentially, there are two degrees of area names. The primary level is known as the top-level name like that amazon.com or phoenix.edu. While a subsequent level name will be amazon.com/books or fuel.ac.uk. The top-level names are give n by focal philanthropic organizations that examine the issues and potential infringement of trademarks. Without a doubt, associations that sell items and administrations utilizing Internet expect clients to be proficient to contact them without trouble; in this manner it is most fantastic when the URL (web address) relates the organization’s name. In any case, inconveniences happen when various associations that have coordinating names battle for a similar space name. For example, if a client needs to hold a room at a Holiday Inn lodging and the client opens the URL ‘holidayinn.com’, and he finds the site for an inn arranged in Niagara Falls, New York. Then again, to go to the lodging chain’s site client needs to open this URL occasion inn.com, which appears to be comparative. Moreover, various instances of contested name recently enrolled in the courts.

Chemistry: University and Study Area Essay

Early on Chemistry 1405 for non-science majors is intended to address the issues of understudies with no foundation in Chemistry or who are needing extra planning before taking Chemistry 1411. This course is worried about the investigation of issue introduced at a starting level. The essential for this course is DMAT 0091. Themes secured include: science and estimations, matter and vitality, molecules and components, mixes and their bonds, substance figurings, gas laws, arrangements, acids and bases and atomic responses. This prospectus is your lawful agreement for this course. The main prerequisite is that you read it altogether. You are liable for the entirety of the readings and assignments as characterized. Questions or issues requiring explanation are invited whenever. REQUIRED OR RECOMMENDED MATERIALS (ISBN FOR TEXTBOOK): Required textbook:Introductory Chemistry for Non-Science Majors, the pearson custom release for Eastfield College, by Timberlake. This book can be requested from the book shop http://follett. com/. ISBN#: 1256414824. It is packaged with Eastfield custom release lab manual for initial segment of the lab and schoolwork code for Mastering Chemistry. Lab Supplies: You should arrange a lab unit CK-EF. Request your LabPaq online at http://www. labpaq. com. when you make certain to proceed with the class, as the returned arrangement is exacting. For labPaq request call 866-206-0773 x 114. Or on the other hand, go to www. labpaq. com/request here, and enter Log in ID: C 000091, Password, labpaq (all lower case) and Choose CK-EF. You can get any advanced offset with an exactness of 0. 1 grams. Suggested computerized weight balance from NorthShore Care Supply ( http://www. northshorecare. com) is Triton T2 computerized accuracy handheld scale, Item # 7400 ($19. 95). Other required materials:Laboratory Safety Goggles (might be bought at grounds book shop) Scientific Calculator STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. Exhibit comprehension of the subatomic particles and kinds of issue 2. Utilize the Periodic Table to recognize metals, non-metals and metalloids 3. Make figurings utilizing the decimal standard of estimations and noteworthy figures. COURSE OBJECTIVES The course is to show a general information on the essential ideas in science, and to set up the understudy for Chemistry 1411. Main subjects COURSE OBJECTIVES: I. Scholarly COMPETENCIES: 1. Perusing: The capacity to break down and decipher an assortment of pieces of literature, for example, book, records and articles composed at a level over the twelfth grade level 2. Composing: The capacity to create clear, right and sound exposition adjusted to a reason, event and crowd at a level over the twelfth grade level 3. Speaking: Ability to impart orally in clear, intelligible and convincing language fitting to a reason, event and crowd at a level over the twelfth grade level 4. Tuning in: Analyze and decipher different types of spoken and visual correspondence at a level over the twelfth grade level 5. Basic Thinking: Think and examine at a basic level 6. PC Literacy: Understand our mechanical society, use PC based innovation in correspondence, critical thinking, and securing data II. Model EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: 1. To comprehend and apply strategy and suitable innovation to the investigation of normal sciences 2. To perceive logical and quantitative strategies and the contrasts between these methodologies and different techniques for request, and to convey discoveries, examinations, and understanding both orally and recorded as a hard copy 3. To exhibit information on the significant issues and issues confronting present day science, including issues that address morals, qualities, and open approach 4. To show information on the reliance of science and innovation, and their effect on and commitments to, present day culture MEANS OF ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING OUTCOMES The course learning results are doled out in more detail for every part in different learning destinations. These targets will be evaluated by test questions, wording, study zone test, task from acing science and composed lab report. It is urged to begin your week by week exercises by comprehension â€Å"terminology†, which will be trailed by perusing relating units in the course book. You will keep taking a shot at â€Å"Study Area† test and Review Questions, and schoolwork assignments from acing science. At long last, you will play out the lab tests. These means are written all together under â€Å"Things to do† in all the week by week exercises. Assessment PROCEDURE: 1. Lab Grades: This online course of Chem 1405 utilizations the â€Å"Wet Lab† encounters from Hands-on lab, Inc. For the initial five labs, understudies utilize the essential research facility calculated work on utilizing Pearson distributed lab manual. After fruition of five labs from Pearson distributed lab manual, understudies will utilize their bought lab packs for the â€Å"Wet Lab† encounters and perform genuine compound trials utilizing synthetic concoctions and standard procedures, in the comfort of their home. To guarantee the validity of the lab part of this course, understudies will be approached to present their image indicating their face at a couple of explicit strides of each test alongside the information as reflected in their report. The particular advances where they have to present their image are elegantly composed in the joined report structure in the comparing investigate eCampus. Lab evaluations will be earned from their finished lab reports. These reports must be composed in Microsoft office word and transfer on ecampus so as to be reviewed, except if in any case determined (Hand Written lab Report Will not be Accepted). You should utilize the report connected on ecampus under the envelope â€Å"Lab #† of every week exercises, and not the one that goes ahead the CD from LabPaq. You will get ZERO SCORE on the off chance that you won’t use REPORT FORMAT UPLOADED on ecampus under the â€Å"Lab #†. In any case, to integrate the end and conversation of your outcome in the report, you can utilize â€Å"Lab Report Assistant† that comes in the CD with the CK-1 pack from Labpaq. The â€Å"Lab Report Assistant† can likewise be found on ecampus under â€Å"Start Here† button. The CD likewise has the presentation, security implementation understanding and the technique to play out the lab. You need to sign; check, and transfer the security understanding in the principal seven day stretch of the semester. Understudies need to transfer the report on ecampus after the culmination. The directions on â€Å"how to upload† the report can be found in eCampus menu under the â€Å"Start Here† button. Understudies can buy the lab unit, LabPaq CK-EF, from Hands-on Labs, Inc. It would be ideal if you sign on to http://www. labpaq. com/to arrange the pack. The lab units additionally contain the manual of the tests on CD. Understudies CANNOT PASS this course with a bombing lab grade. A score of 70% or better and fulfillment of 8/11 labs (can't miss multiple labs) is required to pass the lab segment of this course. The lab reports must be transferred on eCampus by 11. 30 pm on the particular due date found on the course schedule. Late lab reports will be acknowledged however they will drop by 25% for every day the reports are late. Understudies are urged to peruse the accommodating recommendations after they read the methods on the CD and before they do the trials. Additionally, it is prompted them to finish the lab as ahead of schedule as could reasonably be expected and don't hold up until the latest possible time. The lab plans are found under the week after week movement for every week. 2. Week by week Activities: These are situated under â€Å"Course Contents† button in eCampus. Consistently the learning things are submitted in the accompanying request. 1. Activities: Helps to make sense of the activities rapidly 2. Learning Objectives: Helps to concentrate on the objectives to learn units of the section 3. Powerpoint: Gives you the primary bearing of ideas for every section 4. Wording: It is a brisk manual for know the definition and brief ideas of the themes 5. Study Area Quiz 1 &2 (www. masteringchemistry. com/study territory) and Key Concept 6. Task (www. masteringchemistry. com/study zone) 7. Lab report: Attached on the†Lab #† envelope. The lab manual is CK-EF from www. LabPaq. com 8. Try not to BEG FOR THE EXTENSION OF DUE DATES! 2. 1. Wording: These are copyright materials and ought not be modified. These terms help you to comprehend the ideas and to plan for the test. Download the rundown of terms from eCampus on the organizer â€Å"Terminology #† under â€Å"Week of #† from the ecampus menu†. Study the phrasings, read the comparing segment in the book and answer them briefly with models. You can attempt this the same number of times as you need, and transfer your last form on ecampus with the record name â€Å"Terminology #† (NOTE: Please observe â€Å"How to stack an archive on ecampus under â€Å"Start Here† button) 2. 2 Study Area These are self check exercises and understudies can endeavor the same number of times as they need. It assists with understanding the ideas just as to plan for the test 2. 2. 1 Quiz 1 and 2 After sign on to www. masteringchemistry. com/study territory, answer the various decision questions. These are self check exercises and you can attempt this the same number of times as you need, look down and email the last preliminary to yourself. Rehash this progression for test #2. Reorder both the test 1 and 2 score and replies of the considerable number of inquiries in another record called as â€Å"Study Area # 1† for section 1. Transfer the â€Å"Study Area #† on eCampus. Follow a similar method for all the sections. (Try not to EMAIL TO THE INSTRUCTOR) 2. 2. 2 Review Questions To finish this movement, it would be ideal if you follow a similar method as in 2. 2. 1. Notwithstanding, make a record name â€Å"Study #† where # is supplanted by 1, 2, 3, and so on. for the relating part. 2. 3 HOMEWORK (ASSIGNMENT) You will utilize Mastering Chemistry for the online schoolwork instructional exercise. This will push you to understa

Popular Culture Essay Topics

Popular Culture Essay TopicsWriting a popular culture essay requires no special skills, but there are some things that you should be aware of to make sure that your essay is unique and interesting. While there are some cultural items that students can make up as they go along, others are very limited in their meaning. Students who want to write a popular culture essay need to be aware of these limitations and be creative in writing the story of a society. Here are five popular culture essay topics:A popular culture essay for the term paper will be more interesting than an average thesis. Most people do not have an idea about what a term paper is, but it can be a very interesting subject to write about. The more general the topic is, the better the topic will be. The term paper is a short article that summarizes the main points of a student's academic paper. Many students use a term paper as their hook for another, longer essay.While many people think that popular culture essays are b oring, this is not true. With just a little bit of research, a student can make his or her writing interesting and engaging. An interesting essay allows the reader to become engaged with the writer's ideas and words. A good way to gain interest in a writing topic is to read about it and see how it is being discussed in the media.Some popular movies or songs can be very simple, like discussing the major characters and events. The main point of the essay can be explained with examples. In general, if the writer has an idea about the topic, he or she can research the topic, and write about it from several different angles. However, if the writer has only a vague idea about a topic, he or she may have to explain the topic and figure out how to combine aspects of different information sources into a cohesive story.Some students find that they get bored with discussing the cultural background of an industry or event. While an entire essay can be written on the history of a popular event, this is easier said than done. A popular culture essay that discusses an event may require some research or just discussing some simple details. If the writer gets caught up in the research, the essay can get too long, and it may be difficult to make it interesting to the reader.There are many ways to explore the major aspects of popular culture, and one way is to discuss one trend. A common trend can be noted with some research, and the writer can describe the effect on the audience. By comparing different aspects of the culture, the essay will have different topics. If the writer understands the concept behind the study, the essay can still be quite interesting.Creating an interesting piece of writing for a popular culture essay can be challenging, but not impossible. The first step in developing an interesting essay is to determine the theme. The theme should be something that is part of the story of the writing. An example might be that a student looks at the many different ways that women have traditionally been portrayed in popular culture, and the theme is showing how women are portrayed in popular culture.A popular culture essay is an interesting concept, but many students find that they cannot manage to get the information needed to write the essay all in one go. This means that they may have to put out a lot of research. This research may include several pieces of information. Students who research by themselves are often able to do the research without much problem, but this is not always the case.

Imperial Rule During The Twentieth Century - 891 Words

Imperial government ruled from as early as ancient Rome to the twentieth century. Imperialism has taken many forms of rule such as colonization and the civilizing mission during the scramble for Africa. However, many imperial governments were discredited and questioned after nationalists commented on the corrupt ruling under the European governments. The questioning of the imperial rule resulted in the decolonization of the colonies. Many of the colonies had to make forms of governments themselves and build their own country. Some colonies became successful after being separated from their colonizers. However, there were also the colonies that were unable to rise up after being left alone. Around the seventeenth century, the North American settlers were dependent on their Mother Country, Great Britain. The colonies were dependent economically and politically. Great Britain maintained the colonies dependence with mercantilism. Mercantilism was an economic system used in early colonial ism that allowed the government to regulate all trade and provided wealth to the Mother Country. By using mercantilism Great Britain was able to control the colonies with the closed system of trade. (Tusan, 1001, Feb 4). King George III, who was the ruler of the British Empire attempted to control the colonies with Stamp Taxes, Townshend Acts, and the Intolerable Acts. The taxations forced the American colonists to go against the British Empire and declare their rights as Englishmen. â€Å"That itShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Collapse Of The British Empire : Decolonization1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Collapse of the British Empire: Decolonization During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the British Empire was the leading power of the world. From the mountains of India, to the farmlands of Kenya, Imperial Britain ruled over a quarter of the world’s population. Britain, was the empire in which the ‘sun never set.’ However, by the end of World War II (1939-1945), the imperial sun had begun to wane. Fueled by nationalistic sentiment, British colonies, dominions, and protectoratesRead MoreThe Modernization Of Japan During The Meiji Restoration971 Words   |  4 Pagescan also have a significant impact on the people’s lives in terms of culture, education, environment, and even politics. Japan and Britain, for example, were two imperial systems that countered each other in many facets but also had strikingly similar qualities that had helped them become strong imperial powers during the twentieth century that were a threat to one another. The Japanese empire was an inspirational country to other Asians that spearheaded the fight against the European imperialismRead MoreHow Chinese Culture Has Changed Over The Years1509 Words   |  7 Pagestruly one of the great civilization our world has come across. It boasts a vast geographic expanse, over 4000 years of written history, as well as a rich and profound traditional society. Many aspects of Chinese civilization can be traced back many centuries. It is so diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended, and presents itself a priceless benefit to the world. One of the integral parts of Chinese culture that was not thoroughly discussed in class is the role Chinese women played in ancient traditionalRead MoreBackground to Irish Nationalist Movement Nineteenth Century Since the application of the Act of900 Words   |  4 PagesIrish Nationalist Movement Nineteenth Century Since the application of the Act of Union at the turn of the nineteenth century until 1923 the whole of Ireland was an integral part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. For a vast majority of this period Ireland was rule by Parliament in Westminster. According to Allen and Unwin the Irish Question was the greatest problem facing the British government in the late ninetieth and early twentieth century, yet the nature of the problem of IrelandRead MoreNotes Chapter 21 WWI1292 Words   |  6 PagesMOST RECENT CENTURY 1914–2010 Chapter 21—The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914–1970s CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES: †¢ To examine the history of Europe between 1914 and the 1970s as an organic whole made up of closely interconnected parts †¢ To consider the repercussions of nationalism and colonialism in Europe and Japan †¢ To increase student awareness of the effects of the two world wars †¢ To help students imagine the appeal of totalitarian movements in the twentieth century KEY TERMS:Read MoreEssay on Imperialism1578 Words   |  7 Pageshad followed. The European imperialism caused many of the now prevalent ethnic rivalries that can be found in northern India, parts of Asia, and parts of Africa. quot;Africa and much of the developing world have been struggling for nearly half a century to come to terms with grinding ethnic and tribal rivalries that remain, in a way, one of the most enduring legacies of their colonial past.quot; In many cases of European imperialism, the European colonialists would pick a favored minority in oneRead MoreOttoman Brotherhood Essay examples1205 Words   |  5 Pageswas far from a ‘prison of nations’, where ‘natural nationalisms’ slowly deteriorated the national composition. That it was, in contrast, a melting pot of ethnicities sharing in the faith of newly acquired liberties. Campos’s specific focus on Twentieth-Century Palestine highlights the broader challenges faced by the evolving e mpire as a whole. Amongst these challenges is the overall failure of the Ottoman bureaucracy to deliver the promises encapsulated in the 1908 revolution. However, it would beRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 Pagesnegative light on the selfishness of humanity and the system that was taking advantage of the native peoples. In Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, Conrad presents a criticism of British imperial colonization not for the purpose of taking sides, but with aims of bettering the system that was in place during Conrad’s experience in the African Congo. Conrad uses the character of Marlow and his original justification of imperialism so long as it was efficient and unselfish that was later transformedRead MoreThe Great War And The Cold War2287 Words   |  10 PagesThe twentieth century was a century characterized by war, technological advancements, and the formation of new relationships that to this day continue to sh ape and impact the world. Powerful countries used the world as their playground, making crucial decisions that had an impact all across the globe. Technological advancements transformed the concept of war, making it deadlier than before. Within this atmosphere, several events and movements occurred during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuriesRead MoreThe True Story of Ah-Q by Lu Xun662 Words   |  3 Pagescharacter of the work part is of the peasant population of early twentieth century China. As the story progresses, Ah-Q is victimized though continuous mistreatment and his eventual public execution by revolutionists for thievery. Therefore, Lu Xun uses Ah-Q as a representation of Imperial China’s decay by his reluctance to adapt to hairstyles, social statuses, and modernization. The story embodies the decay of imperial China during a time when they had to join a global culture. With the westernization

Native Immigrants And The City Of Miami - 1056 Words

When it comes to different dialects recognized across the United States, some of the most prominent dialects are Eastern New England, Lowland Southern, Western, and Mid-western English. Miami English is often neglected when it comes to the vast amount of dialects found throughout the United States. Mostly because the emergence of the language is fairly new compared to all other dialects. Many of the immigrant’s that established their lives in the City of Miami began making their way from Cuba in the late 50s and ever since then, the city’s population has been drastically growing. Fast-forward about five decades later and the second and third generations of those same immigrants developed what is now known as a â€Å"Miami dialect†. Although Miami English is unstudied when compared to other distinguished dialects in America, it is the most prominent dialect spoken in the City of Miami. With the colossal amount of spanish speaking communities that have established themselves throughout the city, Miami is often viewed as a bilingual city. Many visitors will easily pick up the unique lexical characteristics that many, if not all, Miamians use. Along with the distinct phonological characteristics that is often noted when natives pronounce their L’s and words with /à ¦/. One of the notable attributes about living in a state and/or city in America is that whenever you travel outside of your city or state, most people are quick to point out your â€Å"accent†. However, from your standpoint,Show MoreRelatedEssay on English-Only Movement1511 Words   |  7 Pagesis inconsistent with basic American traditions of linguistic tolerance, and a common language is not the foundation of political and national unity. I disagree with this organization’s statement. Because I believe it is English that unites immigrants and native-born alike as Americans. Speaking in a single, common tongue will not only obtain trust, but also to certain extend eliminate racial hostility and bigotry. As an overseas student to his country, I am fully aware of the things that bind meRead MoreA Good Example Of The Melting Pot Theory953 Words   |  4 Pageswhen immigrants come to a new country they will look for places and spaces where their friends and family live. These places known as ethnic enclaves are â€Å"areas of cities where immigrants of the same ethnic background congregate to create social and economic opportunities for themselves† (Chen 221). In other words when people from the same culture live in the same area of a city they tend to stick together and work with each other; they also tend to have their own enclave economy as immigrants hireRead MoreCities, Immigrants, And The Nation1290 Words   |  6 PagesCities, Immigrants, and the Nation The history of America has been associated with immigration. In fact, the population of America is believed to be highly dominated by immigrants. The topic of immigrants in the United Sates is crucial even in the present situation. There are mixed reactions on the best way to deal with the issue of immigration, especially in the political front. Immigration in the United States is quite extensive and began long time ago. This essay will address the American ImmigrationRead MoreHispanic American Diversity Essay examples1121 Words   |  5 Pagesbelonged to Mexico-principally, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas-they began creating communities in Chicago and other steel producing regions when they obtained employment there during World War I. (Wikipedia, 2007). Mexican immigrants have increasingly become a large part of the workforce in industries such as meat packing throughout the Midwest, in agriculture in the southeastern United States, and in the construction, la ndscaping, restaurant, hotel, and other service industriesRead MoreRacial And Ethnic Group Interactions949 Words   |  4 PagesRacial and ethnic group interactions occur daily in the world; in Miami, however one can learn from the interactions between different ethnic and racial groups in a workplace setting. Mr. Elman adapted his management style of his apparel factory to the needs of his immigrant workers; his style helped reduce ethnic friction and returned his investment in high production levels and loyalty (Stepick, 92). Mr. Elman was successful in getting his employees to willingly agree to pay a cut, which exemplifiesRead MoreHispanic American Diversity Paper1544 Words   |  7 Pageslarger, more ambiguous term Hispanic or Latino (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 2009). Puerto Ricans Puerto Ricans are American citizens; they are considered U.S. migrants as opposed to foreign immigrants. Many Puerto Rican mainlanders hold high-paying white collar jobs. Outside of New York City, Puerto Ricans often boast higher college graduation rates and higher per capita incomes than their counterparts in other Latino groups. The U.S. Census reports that at least 25 percent of Puerto RicansRead MoreImmigrants Coming to America867 Words   |  3 PagesIn the late 1800’s and early 1900’s many immigrants came to the United States for a better way of life. I chose this particular question because I am first generation American. My parents were born in Sicily; my great grandparents came to the United States in the early 1900’s. My grandmother was born in the United States 1904, although she was born in America her parents did not choose to remain in the United States. Longing for their home land my great grandparents moved the family back toRead MoreEssay about The Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiculturalism1042 Words   |  5 PagesFor example, 10% of the UK’s population consists of different racial groups. Multicultural cities are called cosmopolitans. **** If you walk down any bustling London street, it is likely you will come across many people from different cultural backgrounds. For London now speaks over 200 languages and the diversity of different cultures within London is so great that easy definition is impossible. The city is home to over 300 nationalities that have over time moulded and shaped London’s cultureRead MoreThe Debate Has Gone On For Decades?1902 Words   |  8 PagesDamini Verma Writing 150 Globalisation Writing Project 2 Us Vs Them The debate has gone on for decades. Everyone has an opinion, and every opinion is different. Immigrants affect a country’s culture, economy, society and even political stability. Their ability to affect almost every aspect of our lives is evidenced by the omnipresence of conversations about the various costs and benefits that they demonstrate. These conversations are usually plagued with multiple logical fallacies and misconceptionsRead MoreAlbert Kinsey Helped Change The American Public s Preconceptions On Sexuality935 Words   |  4 Pagesthe country, like the cities of Miami and New York, also have big Hispanic communities. Discrimination of Latinos has had a direct relationship with their rising demographics and recession. During the Great Depression of the 1930’s, anti-Mexican sentiment rose amongst Americans. Mexicans were seen as job stealers in agricultural, mining, and railroad industries since they worked for less pay than American laborers. Anti-immigration legislation didn’t hinder the flow immigrants from Latin countries

Martin Kuther King Free Essays

â€Å"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Kuther King or any similar topic only for you Order Now , A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches â€Å"Faith is taking the first step even when you can’t see the whole staircase. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. , I Have a Dream: Writings and Speeches That Changed the World â€Å"In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends. ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"If you can’t fly then run, if you can’t run then walk, if you can’t walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"I have decided to stick to love†¦ Hate is too great a burden to bear. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. , A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches â€Å"Let no man pull you so low as to hate him. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. , A Knock at Midnight: Inspiration from the Great Sermons of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Never, never be afraid to do what’s right, especially if the well-being of a person or animal is at stake. Society’s punishments are small compared to the wounds we inflict on our soul when we look the other way. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"Only in the darkness can you see the stars. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity. ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"A man who won’t die for something is not fit to live. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. , The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr. â€Å"Intelligence plus character-that is the goal of true education. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"Everybody can be great†¦ because anybody can serve. You don’t have to have a college degree to serve. You don’t have to make your subject and verb agree to serve. You only need a heart full of grace. A soul generated by love. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. Those who are not looking for happiness are the most likely to find it, because those who are searching forget that the surest way to be happy is to seek happiness for others. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"No one really knows why they are alive until they know what they’d die for. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"If a man is called to be a street sweeper, he should sweep streets even as a Michaelangelo painted, or Beethoven composed music or Shakespeare wrote poetry. He should sweep streets so well that all the hosts of heaven and earth will pause to say, ‘Here lived a great street sweeper who did his job well. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"Forgiveness is not an occasional act, it is a constant attitude. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"I have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with little white boys and girls. † ? Martin Luther King Jr. , I Have A Dream http://www. goodreads. com/author/quotes/23924. Martin_Luther_King_Jr_ How to cite Martin Kuther King, Papers

the immigration of france Essays - Obfuscation, Toledo Nanochess

236 ?t{p} 3 F? yU?gInsee12004F4938.1eEU24r170T150140s40197Y yu?hHaut Conseil a lintgrationx2YAs402004F3513 Hx~INED ?T} F? Q 1 2 3 4yM 1Catherine Borrel, Enquetes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005, Insee Premire no 1098, aot 2006. Insee HPhttp://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html> 2Mots de lintgrationyu?hHP http://www.hci.gouv.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=19> 3Borrel, op. cit. 1 ?t{p} 237 Lpopulation dorigine trangre19991350ts234 Q PaPe?OPU?g{PrP23rPimmigration alternante5 CU?gz1974`y?IPkx Q^}A R6 IxBR LOx^y 20025y?Ix6hxUMPB20037200682007y?I?x20032006ry?IxsyO200773h1023IQu?hU11209 y?I 4Sylvain Brouard and Vincent Tiberj, Rapport au politique des Franais issus de limmigration : rapport final, 2005.6, p. 5. http://www.cevipof.msh-paris.fr/publications/enquetes/rapp_fi.pdf> 5Immigration: le devoir dinsertion: rapport du groupe de travail immigration, novembre 1987. Paris : Documentation franaise, 1988, pp. 9-22. 6xw233, 2007.9, pp. 37-97 7Loi no 2003-1119 du 26 novembre 2003 relative la matrise de limmigration, au sjour des trangers en France et la nationalit. 8Loi no 2006-911 du 24 juillet 2006 relative limmigration et lintgration. 9Loi no 2007-1631 du 20 novembre 2007 relative la matrise de limmigration, lintgration et lasile. Legifrance HPhttp://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/W Aspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=IMIX0756368L> 238 ?t{p} yoU?gx?kQyM10 20032007yM3s B 1 IMg200320062007LJo11 2006^1m10^ FLO~ 200282,000200624,000200214020052012 I2006112MWMW3,50020031,[emailprotected]?A1,821I13 2 immigration familialeYO F1L2004L140,100102,65075migration de travail7,050514 2006U?g ?T} 10Pour Nicolas Sarkozy, limmigration choisie est un rampart contre le racisme, Le Monde, 2006.4.28 ; Immigration : Sarkozy dfend sa vision ferme et juste,Le Figaro, 2006.5.3. 11y230, 2006.11, pp. 72-90 12AN Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de la lgislation et de ladministration gnrale de la Rpublique. Comte rendu no 92007.7.25 p.3. AN HPhttp://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/cr-cafe/06-07/c0607009.asp> 13ibid. ?t{p} 239 118TD~U2007]~ normal ^^2D32006Y^LY20076L211-2-1K 2006O^OyOu 2007^T3HHv?S^DNA^{Hv?S^HJJM18gL1116 3 2006x?kQ^>Ox?k`Pr?IOI`I 1 ^> ^U?g?k`A 14Snat Rapport, no 3712005-2006, p. 20. Senat HPhttp://www.senat.fr/rap/l05-371-1/l05-371-11.pdf >. 11, pp. 73-78200774h2005^945004890051.7%1365014.4% 240 ?t{p} ^3^1 RIg`xT Si]Bzone de solidarit prioritaires60f``fY6s 2 I^HP?SP?S^IocommercantdP?S^ oP?SPL34-2ropposition de la situation de lemploi rPJtP_Y^PI DDTEEP : Direction dpartementale de lemploi, du travail et de la formation professionnelle S 2006L313-10 oIyNf?hPL34-2rIS^ 2007L313-105oTrm 4yM 20061LyZQx2006Oyscontrat daccueil et dintgration ys20037g20061LSsYxL311-9 sQx>formation civiqueJZ? ?T} ?t{p} 241 O3s ZJYdiplomeJo ysHvolont caractris^H] 2007^ZQuJF2gYL 2007^HysOHx {

Boo Radley essays

Boo Radley essays To Kill a Mockingbird is definitely an excellent novel. A reader may not interpret several aspects in and of the book through just the plain reading it. Boo Radley, Atticus, and the title represent three such things. To Kill a Mockingbird is set in Maycomb County, a district in Southern Alabama. The time is the early 1930s, the years of the Great Depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread in the United States. Not really told to the reader until the end of the book, Arthur "Boo" Radley plays an important role in the making of both Scout and Jem. In the beginning of the story, Jem, Scout, and Dill fabricate horror stories about Boo. They find Boo as a character of their amusement, and one who has no feelings whatsoever. They tried to get a peep at him, just to see what Boo looked like. Scout connects Boo with the Mockingbird. Mrs. Maudie defines a mockingbird as one who "...dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up peoples gardens, dont nest in corncribs, they dont do one thing but sing their hearts out for us" (Harper). Boo is exactly that. Boo is the person who put a blanket around Scout and Jem when it was cold. Boo was the one putting "gifts" in the tree. Boo even sewed up Jems pants that tore on Dills last night. Boo was the one who saved their lives. On the contrary to Scouts primary belief, Boo never harms anyone. Scout also realizes th at she wrongfully treated Boo when she thinks about the gifts in the tree. She never gave anything back to Boo, except love at the end. When Scout escorts Arthur home and stands on his front porch, she sees the same street she saw, just from an entirely different perspective. Scout learns what a Mockingbird is, and who represents one. Arthur Radley not only plays an important role in developing Scout and Jem, but helps in developing the novel. Boo can be divided into three ...

What Does Your Name Mean - Genealogy

What Does Your Name Mean - Genealogy Could someone named Biff ever be president? Could a Gertrude ever become a prima ballerina? Does your name really play an integral part in who you are and what you will become? Can changing ones name common practice with many immigrant families actually change ones destiny? The hidden meaning of names is a popular query on Internet search engines as people hope to learn what their name says about them and who they will become. Different than traditional name meanings found in baby name lists and last name meaning dictionaries, the hidden meaning of a name is more akin to astrology or fortune telling than true etymological science. With some exceptions, most sources which reference the hidden meanings of names appear to use a variation on research known as sound symbolism, which attributes meanings to individual sounds based on their emotional response. So what exactly is sound symbolism? The traditional view of most linguists is that word meanings are related to morphemes (roots, suffixes, prefixes, etc.). There are a few, however, who place great faith in the theory of sound symbolism, suggesting that the letters of the alphabet individual sounds such as p or st actually mean something based on how they are pronounced. Sound symbolism, in its basic form, suggests that letter meanings influence how we feel about words and how we react to names, whether personal names or brand names. As one such individual, Joseph Gilbert, explains it, look at the words that start with st. Whether steadfast or just plain stubborn, theyre almost all really stuck in one place (stop, stick, stand, stall, stoic, store, stack, still...), unless of course theres a raring, rearing, roaring r in there who can get your st started. Curious, of course, I checked out the hidden meaning in my name. Entering my first name, I was told Your name says that you are curious. People with your name are naturally curious and inquisitive. You are a true researcher and investigator who likes to get to the bottom of complicated things, and find solutions to yet unsolved problems. Of course, trying many possible combinations, I also was unable to find a meaning that was not positive and also was given meanings for names which are, essentially, concocted gibberish. Either way, it was a fun exercise in linguistics. If youre curious about the meanings behind the individual letter sounds, check out the hidden meaning in your name. Numerologist Joy Light also claims to be able to find the hidden meaning in your name by using the numbers which correspond with the letters in your name. By adding all of the numbers in your name together, you arrive at a number that represents your destiny, or what it is in this lifetime you want to accomplish. A hidden meaning behind your name. Hmm..... I wonder how much I have in common with the other Kimberly Powells of the world?

Multple choice take home test Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multple choice take home test - Essay Example because they are all Muslims, Asian families are larger than both White or Afro Caribbean families - 75% have 5 or more members - patrilineal and patrilocal. There is little variation between sub communities and women are mostly confined to the home and "homework". basically, deficit theory says that some people are just stupider than others - ie they lack intelligence - and reproduction theory simply builds on this, arguing that schooling has to be organised around such manifest and unalterable differences. deficit theory reveals the fact that lower socio economic groups are systematically disadvantaged with respect to educational resources, and reproduction theory shows how these disadvantages have persisted as a result of policy failure. deficit theory reveals the fact that lower socio economic groups are systematically disadvantaged with respect to educational resources which implies the problem could be fixed by switching resources to areas of need, whereas reproduction theorists, like Murphy, insist it is not a resource, but a motivational problem, and lower socio economic groups are just not interested in more schooling! deficit theory assumes that currently "failing" kids could succeed if only they adopted the requisite - ie middle class - values, skills and motivations etc, whereas Reproduction Theory insists that since schools are set up to "reproduce" class privilege, such kids will always "fail". Goldthorpe shows that the number of "branching points" in educational decision making are critical in the reproduction of class differentials, comprehensive education, favoured by the Swedes, reduces the number of branching points. Educational differentials reflect class differences in cost benefit evaluations of educational options. The example of Sweden is significant because there the reduction of class educational differentials was accompanied by

Great Works of Western PhilosophyDiscuss Thomas Aquinas's criticisms Essay

Great Works of Western PhilosophyDiscuss Thomas Aquinas's criticisms of the view that God's existence is selfevident - Essay Example There is no denying the fact that though both of them were believers, yet in their theological and philosophical confabulations, they seem to be more concerned about establishing the relevance of their approach rather then proving the existence of God. Anselm, an Italian philosopher tends to rely on pure logical catechism. Aquinas, hailing from an aristocratic background, being the son of Count of Aquino, tends to extend a more refined version of the Averroists' view of 'double truth, which believed that the Catholic faith has two dimensions, one based on reason that emanates from philosophy and the other based of revelation, ensuing from theology. However, Aquinas while refuting the ontological argument seems to divest religion of its inherent need for faith and mysticism. In doing so, both the luminaries reduce God to a concept, much unlike the alive and awesome God of the scriptures. Yet, the interesting thing is that this approach of Aquinas towards faith evolved into a living in fluence that cleared the way for the proliferation and sustenance of a scientific temperament in the West amidst the surrounding theological constraints. Anselm was a theologian who commanded a considerable influence in the 11th century. In 1078, he propounded his famous ontological argument for the existence of God in his well-known book 'Proslogium'. Anselm was both repudiated and acclaimed by some of the most noteworthy philosophers and theologians. Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant challenged this ontological argument for the existence of God, while it was acclaimed and built upon by Leibniz, Descartes and Spinoza. Anselm's ontological argument for the existence of God proceeds somewhat like this: 1. God stands to be the greatest entity that can be conceived by human mind. (Axiom) 2. If God is not the greatest entity, then definitely something greater then God ought to exist. (Axiom) 3. Yet, it is impossible to conceive an entity greater then God. (Axiom 1, repeated). 4. As axiom 2 is in contradiction with axiom 1, thus 2 is certainly false. 5. Hence, God Exists. To put the argument of Anselm in simple words: 1. Even if an individual doubts the existence of God, still one knows that God is the greatest entity that can be conceived by human mind. 2. There is no denying the fact that the capacity to exist in the mind and outside the mind stands to be greater then the capacity to exist merely in the mind. 3. Thus, the individual who denies the existence of God, in a way declares that it is possible to conceive something that is greater than God is. 4. This premise stands to contradict the definition of God and hence cannot be true. 5. Thus, God exists. In a personal perspective, Anselm intends to validate a synthetic argument by pretending that it is in fact an analytic argument. He is trying to prove the existence of something without trying to correlate its existence with the real world. Grave doubts tend to mar the assumption that concludes that it is possible to validate or deny the existence of something by merely resorting to its definition. As per Encarta, it is next to impossible to valida

The Eye of the World :: essays research papers

The Eye of the World is the first book of the â€Å"The Wheel of Time† series which is already on its tenth book. Robert Jordan has followed the footsteps of J.R.R. Tolkien. Here he dominated the magical world that Tolkien had revealed in his â€Å"Lord of the Rings†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For us to understand this book clearly, an introduction is needed. It says that the so-called wheel of time is a wheel that rotates as time passes. Because of this wheel, ages come and go, leaving memories that become legend. Sometimes legends fades into myth which is long forgotten when the age that left it returns again. But the Aes Sedai remember what men forget. The Aes Sedai are those chosen individuals that can channel to the True Source. This True Source is the source of power. The male Sedai channel to the Saidin form of the source while the women channel to the Saidir form of the source. But due to a war very long ago, Saidin was tainted by the dark forces resulting for the men to go crazy or die if they channel. This is why only female Sedai are in the book. A champion of the war, Lews Therin Telamon ( the Dragon), trapped the Forsaken (Aes Sedai who went to the dark side) and Shaitan (Drak One) but became crazy. After his death, it was prophesized that a Dragon Reborn would be born and lead the forces of light. The first book narrates the adventure of three boys, namely Rand Al’Thor, Matrim Cauthon, and Perrin Aybara. Strangers have come to the Two Rivers during the Bel Tine holiday, and the three boys are all happy to live in peace with their families. With the mysterious travelers come strange stories of war and of a man named Logain, who claims to be the Dragon Reborn, the one prophesized to save the world, and also to destroy it in his madness. On the night before Bel Tine, Trollocs come and ransack the village where the young men live. Together with the mysterious Moiraine, an Aes Sedai, and Lan, a warder, the young men escape with a few other companions into the night and make their way toward Tar Valon, the city of the Aes Sedai. Dangers, such as Darkfriends, appear from many corners. Because of this, it becomes difficult to know who to trust. The boys can't escape the Dark One easily, for not only do his minions relentlessly pursue them, the Dark One even invades their dreams .

American Airlines and US Airway’s Merger Essay

Abstract American Airlines has suffered tremendous profit losses over the last few years. The losses have been so great that the company filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The news for the Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection was a shock to many, considering the fact that they had enough money to operate and cover their losses through the following year. The merger indeed was great decision on behalf of American Airlines. The merger itself was questionable. The Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against regarding concerns that it could raise prices for consumers. A settlement was reached and the world largest airline has been formed. American Airlines has been suffering for many years. The company has suffered more losses than profits. Jobs have been cut; benefits have been scaled back, and the pilots of American Airlines are paid a lot lower salaries than their competitors. Many of them have been furloughed. All of these and many other factors have contributed to American deciding to create the world largest airlines with US Airways. In this essay I will discuss the circumstances that resulted in the merger, assess the significant positive (or negative) effects of the merger, and examine the organizational structure that has resulted from the merger. American Airlines filed for bankruptcy in November 2011. According to an interview with Richard Quest of CNN, Thomas Horton the new CEO of American Airlines stated that the company was forced into bankruptcy because of the cost disadvantages it faced compared to it’s competitors that had already gone through a bankruptcy. The news came as a shock to many. The company had enough money  to sustain the losses that it may incur through the next year. Although the company had the money to operate, the company still decided to go through with filing for bankruptcy (Isidore & Ellis, 2011). At one time American was the world largest carrier, it had dropped to third in the recent years. The company has reported only one quarter where a profit was made since 2007, and lost 4.8 billion over those three and a half years. The company was projected to continue to suffer losses. Now that the merger has been approved, American will be able to get themselves out of their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection (Isidore & Ellis, 2011). Now that the merger is complete, the new American Airlines has ordered over 600 new aircrafts that are updated and more modern. The new aircrafts will allow them to compete with their competitors. In the past they have lost a great deal of money from their business class travelers due to their lack of the amenities that their competitors carry on their aircrafts (American, US Airways reach merger deal., 2013). The two joining airlines will offer over 6,700 daily flights to 336 destinations in 56 countries. The merger will not distress any of the hubs presently served by American Airlines and US Airways. American Airlines has been in bankruptcy for a little over a year, and the merger will be effected pursuant to a plan of reorganization under Chapter 11. â€Å"The combination of American and US Airways brings together two highly complementary networks with access to the best destinations around the globe and gives us a strong platform to provide our customers the most connected, comfortable travel experience available,† Horton said â€Å"The operational and financial strength of the combined airline is expected to enable continued investment in new products and technologies and will create exciting new opportunities for our people, even as we deliver strong cash flow and sustainable profitability.† (American, US Airways reach merger deal., 2013). The merger with Us Airways allowed American Airlines to come out of the Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December. Being able to do so was the first time that a major airline has been able to satisfy a bankruptcy with a return on equity for its shareholders. By deciding to partner with a smaller, but stable US Airways, the company was able to raise the value of the combine stock. Pursuant to the plan of reorganization, so-called double-dip, single-dip, and intercompany claims were settled through a delivery process which distributed the proceeds of America Airlines’ estate based on the  trading price of the new company’s common shares. This quick fix solution lessens the opportunity of appraisal disputes by guaranteeing creditors got a current market value. When it was all said and done, American Airlines creditors, including its unsecured creditors were given payment in full. For the first time in a major airline reformation, shareholders were able to accept a return on their equity. The approved stock exchange merger left American Airlines shareholders with 72% of the new company and the US Airway investors with the lingering 28%.US Airways decided to do what most company who are going through a merger wouldn’t. They negotiated with American Airlines unions before finalizing the merger. This established a foundation of a cooperative negotiating agreement for the new company, so that labor disagreements would not disrupt or lengthen the merger development. Following numerous noteworthy airline merges it was predictable that the formation of one of the world’s largest carriers would raise some anti-tr ust hurdles. The first curtailed from the US government. The airline seized a proactive tactic, agreeing to surrender some of it apertures at airports around the US, leading to court approval of the merger (Thomas, 2014). Although the two companies have merged and are legally one entity, they have both agreed to operate separately until they can integrate both systems successfully. As with any merger, both sides will suffer losses of their employees. Majority of the top leadership positions will be held by US Airways top executives in the new American Airlines. US Airways CEO Doug Parker will head the merged carrier. Of the top eight executive positions, five of those positions come from the US Airways’ side. American CEO Tom Horton will be the chairman of the board, and will continue on through until the first meeting of the new board next year. Parker will keep the executives that he is more familiar with. The new leadership team includes US Airways President Scott Kirby and others who have worked alongside Parker for several years (American and US Airways name merged airline leadership, 2013). American Airlines has suffered tremendously over the last few years. Us Airway which is a smaller company, was in a better position financially than American. Although Us Airway was more stable, they didn’t have access to many of the locations that American Airlines did. The merger was a great idea for both. American was able to get out of their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection earlier than anticipated. They have switched over from the Star  Alliance and move to One world global alliance. The new company now has over a 100,000 employees worldwide. Nothing but positive results seems to be coming from the merger of the two. In the beginning, the merger was questionable, and the Justice Department along with six other states filed a lawsuit against the company. The reason for the lawsuit is that they were in fear of the creation of the world largest airline raising prices on travelers. The slight raise in ticket sales, fees for flight changes, check bags, would be detrimental to consumers. American Airlines and US Airways were able to settle the suit and bring everyone to ease. In summary, the merger has run smoothly thus so far and according to plan. Currently both companies are operating individually although they are legally identified as one entity. The companies are working to collaborate their systems together as well. At the point in time, they are honoring each other’s flier miles and plan. Some of them have been eliminated to coincide with the polices of the company. American Airlines decided to merge with Us Airways to regain its place as the world largest airline. The reason for the merger has been negative on American’s side, but will benefit their company in the long run. In my essay, I have attempted to explain In the circumstances that resulted in the merger, assess the significant positive (or negative) effects of the merger, and examine the organizational structure that has resulted from the merger.

Analysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau - 1629 Words

Critical Analysis Paper Unequal Childhoods is a book based on the study of a variety of families ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau’s objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of ones race, social economic status plays a role in how a child develops and learns the skills they will eventually grow up to use. Lareau argues that race plays almost no role in comparison to socioeconomic class in how children develop and gain the skill set they use as they get older. Lareau emphasis that parents from different classes use different tools and methods in order to raise their children such as concerted cultivation and natural growth. Annette Lareau argues that class influences both educational and work outcomes. The conclusions she ma de early on in her book had been proven when she went back a decade later. The majority of those interviewed who came from a working class or poor family had either dropped out of high school or graduated, but did not pursue higher learning education. Of those interviewed in these lower classes, a couple did attend college but never completed any course or obtained a degree (Lareau 274). Another interesting find was that the majority of the children in the working class and poor families obtainedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods By Annette Lareau1640 Words   |  7 Pages Sarah Martinez Professor Sanchez Senior Seminar May 19, 2016 Critical Analysis Paper Unequal Childhoods is a book based on the study of a variety of families ranging in class, race and family life. The author Annette Lareau objective was to analyze and understand how and if social life impacts the children pertaining to these different classes. Lareau also examines the affect social class has on those interviewed by following up years later in their transitions to adulthood. Regardless of onesRead MoreAnalysis Of Annette Lareau s Unequal Childhoods Essay2261 Words   |  10 Pages In Annette Lareau’s study and subsequent book Unequal Childhoods, she examined the lives of twelve children of different social classes. In particular, she focused on parenting styles within their households and their effects on the children’s future and found a direct correlation. Two of the children from her study were Alexander Williams and Tyrec Taylor, both African-American nine-year-old boys. Alexander Williams grew up in a middle-class household. The Williams’ household was typical in comparisonRead MoreAnalysis Of Annette Lareau s Unequal Childhoods : Class, Race And Family Life1859 Words   |  8 Pages Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life A book review by Luis Villadolid Luis Villadolid LCT375: Global Issues Dr. Dorothy Diehl October 2, 2014 Summary Annette Lareau’s Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life seeks to educate and enlighten its readers of the constant and ever presence of poverty and how it drastically affects different individuals of society specifically, the children. Using observations from 2 elementary schoolsRead MoreAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods1498 Words   |  6 Pages In her book, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau argues out that the influences of people, in addition as race, end in unequal childhoods (Lareau 1). to grasp this, it s necessary to infer from the book and assess the way during which race and people tend to form the lifetime of a family. The manner during which a family lives are often virtually entirely be preset by the people and race of the family. because they demonstrate, every race and peopleRead MoreA Family s Class Background Can Have A Huge Effect On Child Rearing1539 Words   |  7 PagesLareau Reading Analysis A family’s class background can have a huge effect on child-rearing. The way a family raises a child can be dependent on the class background that they have. Often families with a substantial amount of money are able to provide their children with more opportunities than families with lower income. This can have a tremendous effect on how the child is raised and how much help/support a child can get from their families to become successful and educated. Families with differentRead MoreLareaus Unequal Childhood Paper Analysis1541 Words   |  7 PagesBefore critically discussing Lareau’s Unequal childhood’s paper, it is important to briefly mention a few conceptual terms in order to get the gist of what Lareau was trying to convey to her readers. First, according to Macionis (2004) the term family is defined as a social institution found in all societies that unite people in cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children. Same author also discusses several theoretical approaches have been identified that identifies the familyRead MoreChild Care For Single Mothers2773 Words   |  12 Pagesimportant factor to be taken into consideration when looking at obesity in low income families (Weatherspoon, et. at., 2013). Obesity is observed in higher rates among single, nonworking, and less educated mothers, and obesity in the toddler and childhood years often increases the likely hood of continued obesity in adults (Weatherspoon, et. al., 2013). A National Longitudinal Survey of Youth showed that children of less educated single mothers were at a higher risk for obesity over a six year periodRead MoreUnequal Childhoods : Class, Race, And Family Life1976 Words   |  8 Pagesmiss details that could play a major i mpact on our path to success. Details such as their upbringing, social class, and education are things we should take a closer peek at when comparing their lives to ours. In her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau follows Caucasian and African American subjects from poor, working, and middle class families to understand the influence of socioeconomic class and race on adolescents raised in various households. After studying her

The First Ten Presidents of the United States

How much do you know about each of the first ten presidents of the United States? Here is an overview of the key facts that you should know about these individuals who helped form the new nation from its very beginning to the time when sectional differences were starting to cause problems for the nation.   The First Ten Presidents George Washington - Washington was the only president to be elected unanimously (by the electoral college; there was no popular vote). He set precedents and left a legacy that has established the tone for presidents to this day.John Adams - Adams nominated George Washington to become the first president and was subsequently chosen as the first Vice President. Adams served only one term but had a huge impact during Americas foundational years.Thomas Jefferson - Jefferson was a staunch anti-federalist who just happened to increase the size and power of the federal government when he completed the Louisiana Purchase with France. His election was more complicated than you might realize.  James Madison - Madison was president during what was called the second war of independence: the War of 1812. He is also called the Father of the Constitution, in honor of his instrumental role in creating the Constitution. At 5 feet, 4 inches, he was also the shortest president in history.  James Mo nroe - Monroe was president during the Era of Good Feelings, yet it was during his time in office that the fateful Missouri Compromise was reached. This would have a major impact on future relations between slave and free states.John Quincy Adams - Adams was the son of the second president. His election in 1824 was a point of contention due to the Corrupt Bargain that many believe resulted in his selection by the House of Representatives. Adams served in the Senate after losing re-election to the White House. His wife was the first foreign-born First Lady.  Andrew Jackson - Jackson was the first president to garner a national following and enjoyed unprecedented popularity with the voting public. He was one of the first presidents to truly use the powers given to the President. He vetoed more bills than all previous presidents combined and was known for his strong stance against the idea of nullification.Martin Van Buren - Van Buren  served only one term as president, a period ma rked by few major events. A depression began during his presidency that lasted from 1837-1845. Van Burens show of restraint in the Caroline Affair may have prevented war with Canada.William Henry Harrison - Harrison died after only one month in office. Three decades before his term as President, Harrison was Governor of the Indiana Territory when he led forces against Tecumseh in the Battle of Tippecanoe, earning himself the nickname Old Tippecanoe. The moniker eventually helped him win the presidential election.  John Tyler - Tyler became the first vice president to succeed to the presidency upon the death of the William Henry Harrison. His term included the annexation of Texas in 1845.

Psychological Benefits of Exercise - 1746 Words

Intro: Physical activity, in its many forms, has been shown to have many positive affects on the body and mind. The many benefits include: 1) helping to stimulate the mind, 2) increasing feelings of well being, 3) reducing cholesterol, 4) helping to regulate blood pressure, 5) reducing feelings of anxiety, 6) improving quality of life, 7) reducing symptoms of Alzheimers and Rheumatoid Arthritis, and 8) reducing levels of visceral fat which lowers the risk of developing type II diabetes. Many of the benefits of exercise will be discussed in the following pages as discovered in peer reviewed research studies. This paper will concentrate on the affect of exercise on the human mind and exactly how exercise helps to stimulate the brain and†¦show more content†¦A research study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine has shown that exercise may help improve the mood of people who are clinically depressed. (2) Many people who are depressed have low levels of serotonin and exercise can help boost these levels. This is the basic premise from which the pharmaceutical companies have based the majority of anti-depression medication research. Low serotonin levels equals depression. Increased serotonin levels equals increased well-being. What is Serotonin? Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, which means its a brain chemical responsible for carrying messages between cells, messages that enable us to think, to move, to perceive Ââ€" to live. Under normal circumstances, a tiny 10mg circulate in the body. Yet if this amount drops, or the serotonin malfunctions, the effect can be profound. The bodys organs and cells are in constant communication with each other. Special chemical couriers transport these messages, including hormones and neurotransmitters like serotonin. These messengers pass signals from one cell to another by interacting with special gate-keeper molecules known as receptors. Each messenger molecule is able to unlock and activate only one specific receptor type. Serotonin, however, has the power to unlock at least 14 different receptors. (1) Once the messenger has gained entry to the right receptor, that receptor triggers a series of responses withinShow MoreRelatedPsychological Benefits Of Regular Exercise1 708 Words   |  7 PagesRegular exercise has a massive amount of physical benefits; it reduces a person’s likelihood of heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and high blood pressure, as well as many other conditions caused by obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle. However, there is also many psychological benefits to exercise, particularly in terms of mental health. Deslandes et al (2009) found that regular exercise can decrease the severity of many mental health disorders, including, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, andRead MoreEssay about The Effect of Excersie on Mental Health1084 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction A. Although most people know about the many physical benefits that result from consistent exercise: 1. More than 60% of adults do not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity. 2. In addition, 25% of all adults are not active at all B. This is disturbing, not only because so many people are missing out on the physical benefits that result from exercise, but on the mental benefits that result from exercise as well II. Body Main Point #1: A great deal of attentionRead MoreExercising With Dogs And Its Impacts On Physical Health1573 Words   |  7 Pages________________________________________ To what extent is owning a dog beneficial for a person’s physical and psychological health? ________________________________________ Jolin Guan Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Exercising with dogs and its impacts on physical health †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.4 Taking responsibility and its impacts on psychological health †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Companionship and its impacts on psychological health †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Reference List †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Psychological Influences On Health And Wellbeing Of Exercise1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing the psychological influences and the social factors related to health and wellbeing of exercise. The Health Belief Model of behaviour has rival influences that are balanced and decided upon the individual themselves (Ajzen 1985, 1991 ; Ajzen and Madden 1986). Therefore an individual’s perception about their weight and the stress that comes with it shows that they are unhealthy and this can prevent them to be motivated and exercise daily. There are many benefits to exercise for an individualRead MorePsychological Effects Of Exercise On The Body s Overall Health1736 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological Effects of Exercise It is a well-kenned fact that exercise is very propitious to the body’s overall health. Exercise has been shown to enhance the circulation of blood throughout the body, relinquish solicitousness, boost self-esteem, and ultimately is utilized as a treatment for noetic illnesses. This paper perpetuates to expand fortifying major health benefits of conventional physical activity and exercise. However, there is withal a growing body of erudition that substantiatesRead MoreIndoor Vs. Outdoor Exercise856 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral belief that exercisers profit from many physical and psychological benefits of physical activity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003; Plante, Cage, Clements, Stover, 2006). Plante, Cage, Clements, and Stover (2006) sought to further the idea behind Plante, Aldridge, Bogden, and Hanelin’s (2003) study (which built off of the CDC’s 2003 research) concerning virtual reality’s role in the psychological benefits of exercise. Plante, Aldridge, Bogden, and Hanelin’s (2003) study includedRead MoreEssay The Many Benefits of Exercise1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lack of education about health and exercise. Exercise has a wide variety of positive effects on the body and mind that can be categorized in to three main parts. Part one describes psychological benefits, including the influences exercise has on the mind and its functions, as well as the behavioral changes it presents. Part two explains the physical qualities that exercise can enhance. This effect incorporates the body as apposed to the mind. Exercise affects your overall body appearance andRead MoreExercise At The University Of Hawaii Gym1426 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure at around 3:30 to 4:00 pm in the afternoon. As the seconds go by I see the UH student’s expression, movement, mood, and intensity as they exercise. Ranging from the basketball court where students are running up and down the court, talking, jumping, shooting, and making eye contact to their teammates. As the students perform resistance exercises (weight lifting), I see various individuals taking deep rhythmic breathes with their chin up, making sure their is back always straight as sweat formsRead MoreSwimming Is The Best Form Of Exercise89 3 Words   |  4 Pagesrecreation, studies show it is the best form of exercise for the body. The action of swimming dates back for centuries and is healthy activity that cuts through boundaries such age and physical disabilities. There are numerous types of exercises but when evaluating them all, it is easy to see why swimming is the best exercise. Swimming is the best form of exercise because it is not limited by age or abilities, and it has many psychological and physical benefits (â€Å"Swimming†). Swimming can be beneficial toRead MoreExercise And Severe Major Depression876 Words   |  4 Pages Fleck, M. P. (2015). Exercise and severe major depression: Effect on symptom severity and quality of life at discharge in an inpatient cohort. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61(2), 25-32. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.005 The objective of the article was to determine if there was an increase benefit to the addition of aerobic exercise to standard care for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The authors examined the effects of aerobic exercise and standard care versus

Building Construction Free Essays

The collapse of the Interstate 35W bridge over the Mississippi River had done major damages in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Many assumptions and speculations about the causes of the collapse of the bridge system had appeared in the public. The public was seemingly confused about the real cause of the incidents and it is their right to be informed about the state of the investigation. We will write a custom essay sample on Building Construction or any similar topic only for you Order Now The closest and very logical of the causes indicated in some of the investigations are stress or fatigue failure and lack of redundancy. Environment, Design, and Description of the I-35W bridge The I-35W bridge supports a total of eight lanes (four lanes on each direction). The average daily traffic (ADT) is given as 15,000 in each direction , with ten percent trucks. Constructed in 1967, the 581 meter long bridge has 14 spans. The main span is consist of a steel deck truss. The south approach spans are steel multi-beam. The north approach spans include both steel multieam and concrete slab span. There are two steel deck trusses. Builtup plates mostly composed the truss members. Rolled I-beams comprised the diagonal and vertical members. The truss members undergo poor welding details with the connections as mainly riveted and bolted. According to recent evaluation and inspection before the collapse of the bridge, corrosion at the floorbeam exists and rust are forming between connection plates. The two main trussses have an 11. 6-meter cantilever at the north and south ends. Twenty-seven floor trusses spaced at 11. 6 meters are also present. These floor trusses were framed into the vertical members of the main truss. The floor trusses consist of WF-shape members and have a 4. 97- meter cantilever at each end. The design specifications used in the bridge was the 1961 American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) Specifications. During that time, most of the design uses unconservative fatigue design provisions. According to the fatigue evaluation report provided by the University of Minnesota’s Center for Transportation Studies in 2001, the approach spans had exhibited several fatigue problems promarily due to the distortion of the girders. The bridge truss and the floor truss system also exhibited poor fatigue details. Lack of redundancy in the main truss system was also present in the design. It is stated in the evaluation report of the University of Minnesota that cracking due to fatigue cause by a future increase in loading will first appear on the floor truss. According to them this future cracks is detectable since the floor truss are easy to inspect. In the incidence that cracks are not detected, the bridge could still hold the bridge system without the entire collapse of the system. In the report, the failure of the two main trusses of the bridge will definitely take much effect to the bridge system. Fatigue Resistance The Standard Specification and the Load and Resistance Factor Design provided by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) contain similar provisions for the fatigue design of welded details on steel ridges. These details are designed ased on the nominal stress which can be calculated using standard design equations and does not include the effects of welds and attachments. Since fatigue is usually present during sevice load application, the design parameters is only applied during service load conditions. Cracks due to fatigue have insignificant effect on the structures in compression but have tremendous effect on structures that experience tension. With this idea, the assessment on the cracks that propagate on such a bridge as the I-35W should only be consider to elements in tension. Structural Redundancy In all the design criteria of any structural system, loads existed in variety of paths should be significantly consider. The strength and reliability of the system can be ensure by the existence of the redundant paths or elements. Without the existence of this redundant system of elements, the failure of the entire system is much possible. Past survey of the Committee on Redundancy of Flexural System on steel highway ad railroad bridges. The report summarized that a total of 96 structures were suffering some distress. It was also take into account that most of the failures were related to connections which were mainly welded. The report had also collected data which indicates that few steel bridges collapse if redundancy is present. Bridge systems with no redundancy was reported to have large number. In another research conducted by Ressler and Daniels, they found that the number of fatiguesensitive details present in the structure significantly affected the bridges with no redundant elements. Theoritical and Actual Bridge Response Many studies have shown that the simplified calculations used to predict the stresses provide a much higher value compare to the actual service stresses. Though the design calculations and load models provide appropriate results, it has great uncertainty in the maximum life of a bridge system. However, it is still beneficial to have an accurate estimate of the typical everyday stress ranges. In a large bridge, 20 Mpa is the typical value of the service live-load stress ranges. The stress ranges are typically governed by dead loads and strength design specifications. This is the reason why the stress ranges are small. Since the strength design must account for a single case loading scenario over the life of the bridge, conservative load models are used. In addition to load conservative models, the assumptions provided in the analysis of the design can also be the cause of the large difference of the predicted stress and actual stress. A great example of the effect of the assumptions is the case of the US Highway 69 in Oklahoma. Fatigue damage was said to be present upon the welding that had been used in the widening of the bridge. The design computations of the bridge illustrated that the allowable stress ranges could be exceeded at over 100 locations on the bridge. However, when the bridge was inspected, it appeared that the measure stress ranges was only 27 percent of the allowable stress ranges. This only shows the great effect of the assumptions used in the design of a certain structural system. Moreover, another study that indicates fatigue failure to be caused by the considerable amount of corrosion takes into account. This is the case of the Bridge 4654 in Minnesota where measured stress ranges ranged from 65 to 85 percent of the calculated analysis. These differences are to be point out to the fact that analytical methods provide assumptions that neglect ways in which the structure resists loads. For example, the study conducted y Brudette et al. , more than 50 years of bridge test data were collected and examined to determine specific load-resisiting mechanisms that are ignored in the design of the system. The study concluded that lower stress ranges in a structure can be due to unintended composite action, contribution from non-structural elements, unintended partial fixity at abutments and direct transfer of load through the slab to the supports. In another study of the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, they conducted a program of bridge testing that included more than 225 bridges over a period of 15 years. The study noted that much of the bridges can sustain much larger loads than their estimated capacities. Observations were also made regarding the behavior of the steel truss bridge. The observations are as follows: 1) the stringer of the floor system share a large tensile force thus reducing the strains experienced by the chord in contact with the floor system and 2) Composite action in non-composite system was shown to exist. How to cite Building Construction, Papers

Should College Athletes Be Paid free essay sample

When looking at the revenue that is generated from sporting events, the idea that comes to mind is millions, and for college athletics, this is no exception. The revenue that is generated through the NCAA alone is quite overwhelming. While the amount of revenue is large, little of the money is retained by the NCAA national office. About 96 percent is distributed directly to the Division I membership or to support championships or programs that benefit student-athletes. The remaining 4 percent goes for central services, such as building operations and salaries not related to particular programs. For 2011-12, NCAA revenue is projected at $777 million, with $680 million coming from the Associations new rights agreement with CBS Sports and Turner Broadcasting (NCAA, Revenue). With the amount of money coming in as revenue for the colleges, the expenses are relatively minimal in comparison, and these expenses mostly include costs for colleges to either host or run a specific sporting event. The money that is left after expenses have been taken out is then reinstated to the colleges: Each year, about 60 percent of all NCAA revenue is returned directly to the Division I conferences and member institutions. For the 2010-11 fiscal year, that figure was $478 million (61 percent) (NCAA, Distributions). This does not seem right on many levels. The member institutions are receiving 60 percent of the money and retaining it for use throughout the college. There needs to be a change in policy for college athletics at a state level to distribute this money throughout the people who actually made it; the athletes. States should adopt a bill similar to the Nebraska Bill proposed by Senator Ernie Chambers to the Nebraska business and labor committee. The bill requires the University of Nebraska football layers to be paid a certain amount of money (Stipend), if three other states within the Big 12 Conference would also pass the bill. Each state should highly consider adopting this bill, but make a minor change and have compensation available to all student-athletes because the student-athletes first amendment rights are being violated (more specifically the freedom of speech and the right to publicity), the athletes would experience life in professional business, and then finally, athletes should not have to leave college with debt. Some objections to this policy are how hey bring about issues dealing with Title IX and gender equality, the fact that amateurism may be compromised if this policy is adopted, and how the policy would be impractical for the colleges to pay their student-athletes. Background In the past, the idea of student-athlete compensation has often been debated. Colleges are reaping all the benefits from athletes performances and exposure. Obviously, this has some benefits for each side, the student-athlete and the institution, but it will be shown that the negatives for the athletes far outweigh the negatives that the college suffers. Several court cases have been heard over the years to give college athletes the rights to their own image under the First Amendment and right to publicity, but they have come up short. v. National Collegiate Athletic Association and College Licensing Company. In the complaint, OBannon contends that the NCAA has violated his Right of Privacy, as well as the Right to Publicity of the classes by licensing their likeness and image, without permission and for profit, and that the NCAA has not shared that revenue with the classes. After a long and drawn out process, the Northern District Court of California uled in favor of the NCAA and the CLC because OBannon signed Form 08-3a which authorizes the NCAA name or picture to generally promote NCAA championships or other NCAA events, activities, or programs. OBannon argued that Form 08-3a was illegal because it was very vague and ambiguous. Without signing this document, none of the players would be allowed to practice or compete in their sport (Edward C. OBannon v. NCAA and CLC). Another notable case is Samuel Michael Keller v. Electronic Arts. Inc. EA Sports), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); Collegiate Licensing Company. EA Sports made their case about the video game image and name use. The video games produced by EA Sports have enhanced the problem associated with the right to publicity. Everyone has seen ads for the newest video games that EA Sports is promoting from MLB and NCAA baseball to NCAA and NBA basketball to both professional and col lege football and so on. The graphics of the games get better and better as the years progress, and we see that the players on each game are more and more lifelike than the year before. This can be shown through the attributes each player hold from height and weight to Jersey number and then from the style of play hey use to even minor details like the helmet and facemask each player has. Keller made the same argument as OBannon saying that EA Sports, NCAA, and CLC were illegally making money off his image. OBannon then Joined forces with Keller along with several former NCAA players to see if the lawsuit would hold up. Instead of the court siding with either one, Keller demanded a trial by Jury. In an interview session done by Outside the Lines, Keller was quoted saying that Im Just doing something that I believe is right, and its not about making a quick buck for me. Its a lot bigger than me. Its about thousands of college athletes, and its about changing how this whole thing works (OTL: NCAA Mixed Messages). The lawsuit is still ongoing, and has yet to have a final say either way. Definitions/Meanings There are several terms and definitions to get familiar with and know throughout the interpretation of this policy. All of the following are vital to understanding certain points and making the discussion relevant: Right to Publicity, Intellectual Property Law, the Sports Laws definition of Pay, a stipend, and finally Title X. Right to Publicity The right of publicity prevents the unauthorized commercial se of an individuals name, likeness, or other recognizable aspects of ones persona. It gives an individual the exclusive right to license the use of their identity for commercial promotion (Cornell University). Cornell Law School continues saying that the right of publicity is protected by state common or statutory law, and only about half of the states recognize this right. Many of the states that do not include the right to publicity include it under their own Right to Privacy laws (Cornell University). Sports Law Pay The term pay specifically includes, but is not limited to receipt irectly or indirectly of any salary, gratuity, or comparable compensation; division or Association, and excessive or improper expenses, awards and benefits. Expenses received from an outside amateur sports team or organization in excess of actual and necessary travel and meal expenses for practice and game competition shall be considered pay (Berry and Wong). Intellectual Property Law Intellectual property law is A controversial term referring to a number of distinct types of expressions for which a set of monopoly rights are recognized under the corresponding field of law. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs (United States Patent and Trademark Office). Some common types of intellectual property rights include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, and trade secrets in some cases. Stipend A stipend is payment made to students for work completed but it is not necessarily based on work performed or hours of work. Many stipends are offered to tudents who are completing an internship or apprenticeship and used to help defray the costs of housing, food, and transportation (Loretta). Title IX No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance (United State Department of Labor). Current Policy As it is clearly stated in the NCAA bylaws regarding Amateur Status and Pay policy, no amateur athlete may be permitted to the following types of compensation: Prohibited Forms of Pay. Pay, as used in Bylaw 12. 1. 2 above, includes but is not limited to, the following: 1 . Salary, Gratuity or Compensation, 2. Division or Split of Surplus, 3. Educational Expenses, 4. Expenses, Awards, and Benefits, 5. Payment Based on Performance, 6. Preferential Treatment, Benefits or Services, and 7. Prize for Participation in Institutions Promotional Activity (NCAA Constitution, art. 12). Of these seven general topics, there are subdivisions to Educational Expenses, Expenses, Awards and Benefits, and Payment Based on Performance; each of which oes into much greater detail about certain aspects of the rule. These in-depth subdivisions can be from National Governing Bodies to Olympic Committees, from Benefits Prior to Entry of a College to Benefits going to the parents of the athlete and anything in between. For a more analyzing look at all these bylaws, refer the NCAA Division I Manual for Operating and Administrative Bylaws. Another source, the Law and Business of the Sports Industry Volumes I and II, provides more insight into the policies regarding the general term pay as it applies to college athletes. The Sports Law and Business section includes benefits stated under the Extra Benefits section. The following are several examples of the extra benefits listed from the Law and Business of Sports text: 1 . A special document, payment arrangement, or credit on purchase; 2. A benefit connected with on-campus or off-campus student-athletes housing; 3. Signing or co-signing a note with an outside agency to arrange a loan; 4. The use of an automobile; 5. An institution selling a student-athlete ticket(s) to an athletic event (Berry and Wong, sec. 2. 15-2). Several sources have indicated that they would like to see the athletes be paid Players Association, Ramogi Huma, had this to say: The $2,000 stipend approved last week [by the NCAA] was a step in the right direction but falls short of an athletes full cost of attendance (Auerbach). Former sports agent Josh Luchs had this to say in response to the $2,000 stipend: Someone or something will step in to fill the gap between the $2,000 and the full cost of attendance and it could be agents with improper benefits. [Adding $2,000] is Just like throwing a guy on a 10-story burning uilding a three-story ladder, Luchs said. It makes absolutely no sense (Auerbach). Proposed Policy Since there is no legislation for a policy like this, the Nebraska pay for play policy should be slightly altered and adopted by the states. The Nebraska Senator Ernie Chambers, who first introduced the bill stated that Just as the Declaration of Independence spelled out a detailed bill of particulars Justifying the separation of the American colonies from England, LB 688 sets forth very precise and specific reasons that lead inexorably to the conclusion that University of Nebraska-Lincoln ootball players are entitled to compensation in the same manner that other students are compensated when they perform work for the university. Plus, they are the only category of students that produce, rather than consume, revenue (Horn). The alteration to this bill would simply state that ALL student-athletes are entitled to compensation. The proposed policy change would allow all student-athletes to get compensated for their efforts both on and off the field. This would make the rules much clearer and the athletes would benefit greatly from the change. Instead of aving so many lawsuits between college athletes and the NCAA, EA Sports, CLC, or whoever, this would take a lot of the bad politics out of the college athletic system. The policy would allow the students to be paid with a certain amount of money that is decided by the school itself, and the policy would allow for the colleges to set their own criteria for the student-athletes to access the money. This is good because it allows flexibility in the colleges. (Nocera) Explanation of Technology The development of home video games has made huge strides in the area of technology over the past 30 years. This can be shown by how home video games started, how gaming console sales have increased, then finally how the games themselves have become so realistic, life-like, and interactive. Video games became popular in Japan in the early 1980s [1983]; names such as Nintendo, Sega Enterprises, and Bandai Co. came to be popular. All of these products were owned by foreign countries, mostly in Japan (Kids Web Japan). This was Just the start of a multi- million dollar industry and soon took off from there. Following the original development of video games, the evolution of consoles and games began. Gaming onsole manufacturers built close ties with video games publishers. This meant that certain games could only be played on specific games; in turn, the sale of each console and depends on the popularity of the games that can be played on it (Kids Web Japan). In short, how well the console sells depends mostly on how fun or popular the games are. Another area of interest would be how many consoles were sold which goes along with the popularity. The three major companies and their products, Nintendo Wii, Sony Playstation 3, and Microsoft Xbox 360, have exploded in popularity over the past few years. In 2011, the world-wide sales from (Reilly). So world-wide sales shows how Microsoft won the gaming battle by 800,000 consoles in 2011. New developments in each of these gaming consoles are sure to follow as the technology and gaming industries are ever changing and adapting. This leads us to the last point of the gaming industry which is the life-like and interactive abilities inside the games themselves. Part of the reason the consoles are so popular has to be because the games are as close to life-like as possible. Examples of this are the sports such as Madden, FIFA, the NBA 2K series, and not to mention all of the NCAA sports games. The producers of these games take pride in what they do when it comes to the graphics and player likeness. Height, weight, hometown, even little likenesses such as wristbands, facemasks, and shoes are all analyzed and taken into consideration when developing these games year to year. These are Just several reasons why video games have burst on to the scene in recent years, and they will continue growing. Next, there is the example of how much money is being earned by the television stations from college athletics alone. The numbers that follow are of revenue earned y high profile conferences annually: ACC $240 million, Big Ten $236 million, Big 12 $200 million, PAC-12 $225 million, and the SEC $205 million (Peloqutn). Televtston stations have been making millions at the expense of college athletes. A recent petition finds the NCAA in hot water with over 300 major college football and basketball players. The document urges the NCAA and college presidents to set aside an unspecified amount of money from what it estimates is $775 million in recently acquired TV revenues in an educational lock box for football and mens basketball players. Players could tap those funds to help cover educational costs if they exhaust their athletic eligibility before they graduate (ESPN. com News Services). Practical Arguments Some arguments that can be made for the implementation of this bill would be how the players rights are being violated (right to publicity), how the athletes should be free to pursue endorsements like a professional, and that those athletes should not have to leave school in debt. Institutions are violating a form of Entertainment Law specifically in the area of Personal Rights. A successful persons name and image is a aluable commodity. Use of ones name and likeness by another party can infringe on rights held by said person. These overlapping categories include the right to privacy, right to publicity, unfair competition, defamation, and First Amendment law (Lawbrain). Other areas in law that this violates is the misappropriation of a name or likeness. All individuals are vested with exclusive property right to their identity. No person, business, or other entity may appropriate an individuals name or likeness without permission (Citizen Media Law). This bill would compensate those athletes hose name and/or image rights have been violated, and thus paying the players whose rights were wrongfully violated. Not only would this make it legal for the video game industries and other forms of media to use and benefit from the players images, but also the NCAA would still be making money from the players as well. Having the freedom to pursue endorsements much like the professional athletes is another area that can be argued. Michael Wilbon of ESPN gives arguments that include both personal and public endorsements such as media exposure. He In this particular article, Wilbon was originally against paying college student- thletes, but later changes his stance on the subject. Wilbon on why he changed his stance: That $11 billion deal†OK, its 10. 8 billion to be exact†between the NCAA and CBS/Turner Sports for March Madness between 2011 and 2024. Were talking $1 1 billion for three weekends of television per year. On top of that, theres a new four- year deal with ESPN that pays the BCS $500 million (Wilbon). Wilbon continues, bringing up several points as to where the millions of dollars generated through the NCAA goes, then asks an interesting question: Why cant hundreds of millions of ollars be directed into those, [talking about assistance funds and opportunity funds] and in turn make money more accessible to athletes for the kinds of regular day-to- day expenses that regular college students pay by working Jobs that are off-limits to intercollegiate athletes? (Wilbon) Wilbon continues in the article, Certain players jerseys are worth more than others, so why wouldnt the players that are more high profile try to get some money for themselves? For example, a high profile running back vs. an offensive lineman; obviously the person who is in the spotlight will get more money. Another would be a football player vs. soccer player; this is Just another example of how our society works with people that are in the media. What Wilbon is getting at is not that it is necessarily correct for colleges to pay their athletes, but to let them go out and pursue their own endorsements. If the student [as] athlete can find a way, he/she should be able to endorse products, to have paid-speaking gigs, to sell memorabilia, as Allen Sack, the author and professor at the college of business at the University of New Haven has suggested in recent years. The best college athletes n the two revenue-producing sports have always been worth much more than tuition, room and board, and books The players have become employees of the universities and conferences as much as students†employees with no compensation, which not only violates common decency but perhaps even the law (Wilbon). Finally, there should be a way to help out college athletes pay for schooling other than scholarships. In a study done by the National College Players Association, these results were found in regards to the shortfall after scholarships were taken into account, Based on the estimated scholarship shortfalls across the 36 NCAA Division I colleges and universities included in this study for the academic year 2009-2010, the average estimated scholarship shortfall was $2,951 per year. Projected out over a four year period, a student on a full scholarship would bear of debt of $11,804. Over a five year period of time, that debt would rise to $14,755 (National College Players Association). Those were Just the results for an average college student with a full scholarship. The next set of results were shown from the full scholarship athletes perspective: The data revealed that NCAA cholarship limitations can leave a full scholarship athlete with expenses ranging from as low as $200 up to $10,962 per year depending on the institution. For athletes attending schools with the largest gaps, this means that their educational expenses can exceed $55,000 over a five year span of time (National College Players Association). Ethical Arguments The theories of RCBA, Existentialism, and Kant all support for changing the policy that is currently in place. First we look at Risk, Cost, Benefit Analysis (RCBA). This is how to applying it to how it affects individuals, communities, and as an economy. Who is potentially affected by the position you support? (Hatcher, 148) Look at both the short term and long term. Others include personal, social, financial, and societal (Hatcher, 148). When looking at the policy from an RCBA standpoint, we have to calculate what the average pay an athlete would receive if they were to divide the scholarship given by the number or hours spent on their particular craft. Using an athlete from the University of Kansas whose name cant be given for privacy reason, the numbers were as follows. Keep in mind that these athletes are not allowed to receive money utside of what they receive for scholarship. Tuition Room and Board Required Course Fees Books (Average) Other Expenses Transportation (Average) Cost Per Semester $4,182 $3,718 $858 $425 $1,208 $989 Number of Semesters 9 8 2 Total Amount $37,638 $29,744 $1,716 $3,400 $10,872 $8,901 Grand Total $92,271 that would be expensed out of pocket being a normal college student. Now, lets look at the amount of scholarship received as compared to the number of hours spent during their sport. These calculations include practice, film (both required and on own time), training room visits, summer workouts (weight lifting and running), then inally game days. A little over $92,000 is quite a bit of money for anyone who is going to school, but for an athlete, it takes a huge toll because they are prohibited from holding an outside Job, and therefore must acquire loans. Practice Game Day Film (Total of Both) Training Room Workouts Hours Spent Per Week 18 14 7 24 Weeks Per Year 17 11-16 16 13-17 10-12 Total Hours 306 88-128 224 91-119 (At Least) 949 Hours (At Most) 1065 Hours This table shows Just how much time is spent during a specific sport or activity (in this case Division I football). Then finally, the last table is going to show what the ere working at a minimum wage Job instead of participating in their sport. This will put it into perspective Just how much each student-athlete is making. Minimun Hours Maximum Hours Hours (Worked) 949 1065 Minimum Wage $7. 25 Amount Made $6880. 25 $7,721. 25 Average Scholarship Roughly $8,500 Average Cost Per Year $23,067. 75 Remaining Balance $7,687. 50 $6,846. 50 The above table shows how much more money the athletes need Just to fulfill their expenses as college students, and these numbers were Just for in-state students for an undergraduate. The out-of-state tuition is almost $14,000 higher, so those who are ttending college who reside in other states need to be prepared to pay a pretty penny to go to school. The numbers also dont include the amounts for the different departments that are affiliated within this University (I. E. other major besides a general undergraduate). On the other hand, from a risk and cost standpoint, if the students were to get paid for their play, then some risks are present. One would be that the students may not finish school since they are getting compensated. For some of the high profile players, the NFL, NBA, or MLB may be a better option rather than getting a degree. The endorsement deals and money they could possibly earn may alter their ideas about getting an undergraduate degree. Since there are only a select few that would enter into each draft at a professional level, the benefits for getting paid would outweigh the risks and the costs. They would be able to pay off their loans while pursuing their degree, which would lead to a good career as a fall back if the professional leagues did not work out. Next, some would look at an Existentialist point of view. An existentialist would say that there are basic freedoms that we have as humans. Furthermore, existentialists ook at ethics of endorsement and say that if one side of the argument is allowed to do a certain task, then that makes it ethical for everyone to do (Hatcher, 156). In this own image and/or name. This would be in their favor and would not harm any other parties involved. Since the colleges are already making money off the athletes, an existentialist would say it is ethical for the athlete to want the same thing. Finally, there is the Kantian approach to ethics. Kant would support this policy because this approach values each individual as a person rather than as a product or brand name. In this particular instance, the student-athlete would be valued as an individual rather than Just an intangible asset. Meaning, when it comes to the athletes livelihood, the college would actually support them making money with the use of their own image and name as opposed to holding them back; so, it is ethical. This applies along with the Universilization Test. The Universilization Test states that if the situation is universalized toa broad population [if everyone did it], would it have harmful consequences or is it Justifiable? This determines whether a situation is absolutely right or absolutely wrong (Hatcher, chap. ). Furthermore, it passes the Universilization Test because if every player received royalties, then it would not implode on itself since everyone would be able to get those benefits, so it is ethical. Arguments against Policy Several arguments that would go against this policy are the reconciliation with Title X, which refers to the subject of gender equality, how amateurism would be compromised as a whole, and then the idea of the play for pay policy is Just impractical due to money reasons. First, there is Title X, as we already know from the definitions; Title IX says they men and women) have equal rights in participation. If the proposed policy was to be placed by the colleges, some would argue that the womens sports are more likely to get shorted than the mens. In regard to the concept of pay-for-play, Title IX is generally seen as a substantial roadblock Meaning that despite the friction thats existed between some mens sports and Title X, the latter actually may serve as the best protection for every program against implementation of a pay-for-play system that didnt take into account all student-athletes (Voepel). This comes with good concern, but is a contradiction in itsel f. Since the Educational Amendment of Title IX in 1972, Title IX would actually protect the female athletes from being excluded in the compensation. The Department of Labor states this, Nothing contained in this section shall be interpreted to require any educational institution to grant preferential or disparate treatment to the members of one sex on account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of that sex participating in or receiving the benefits of any federally supported program or activity, in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of hat sex in any community, State, section, or other area (United States Department of Labor). This means that there cannot be a discrepancy between groups or men or women Just because one group has more participants than the other. The women have Just as much right to the benefits as the men do. Next would be the compromise of amateurism itself. Amateurism is Just how it sounds; amateur. This means that the athletes are not getting paid any money besides the scholarships that brought them to the University they attend. Keeping the amateur image in college sports has always been a big part of the NCAA and they